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This term refers to a heat treatment process included in the production process with which optimal material properties are achieved by heating, soaking, and subsequent cooling.

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This application is a thermochemical process in which the workpieces to be treated are heated and exposed to a nitrogen-containing gas or a mixture of carbon-producing gas and ammonia during both the heating time and the treatment.

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Hardening or also precipitation hardening is a heat treatment process for increasing hardness – i.e. the mechanical resistance of the material to a harder test body.

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Temper-hardening results from the interaction between hardening and drawing the steel.

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This process is a test which is used for toughened glass, which is used for example in glazing in sports halls, tennis courts, gymnasiums and swimming pools, as they must be impact-resistant.

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During this process, which is also called sintering with reference to technical ceramics, the dried moulded body is changed into a hard, waterproof product. Individual substances such as water, organic additives and carbon dioxide evaporate at temperatures around 1,000°C.

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Gravity bending is a glass bending method using thermal processes, which is used among other things in the vehicle industry for producing laminated glass, which is laminated by joining together two panes of glass with a foil as the intermediate layer material.

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The application is used to treat a wide variety of materials. This is because, when certain strength values are reached following thermal processes with subsequent quenching, it is possible that very hard structural components are formed, which can cause cracks or ruptures.

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As is the case in any thermal process, soldering often entails an undesirable embrittlement of the material structure. Soldering is a method of cohesively joining materials by producing a liquid phase by melting a solder.

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This term describes a method for producing materials in which fine-grained, ceramic or also metallic substances are heated to temperatures below their own melting temperature, usually under increased pressure.

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This process refers generally to the heat treatment of a material to optimise its properties in a targeted manner. The intention is to achieve an improvement in strength and resistance to chemicals, a reduction in the stresses within the structure of the material, which arise for example due to machining or also quenching, and ultimately an increase in temperature resistance.

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Vulcanising or vulcanisation refers to a chemical process in which rubber is processed by adding sulphur and applying pressure and heat so that it acquires optimal elasticity and resistance to extreme weathering conditions, a property which counts especially in car tyres.

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